SHING CIVITAS — Reference Verification Register (v3)

Checked against publisher, DOI, conference proceedings and library catalogue records on 2026-11-12. Bibliographic correctness does not establish that SHING CIVITAS experiments have been reproduced or validated by these sources.

§Checked items

1. Schelling, T. C. (1971). Dynamic models of segregation. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 1(2), 143–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989794
2. Epstein, J. M., & Axtell, R. (1996). Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. Brookings Institution Press / MIT Press. https://www.brookings.edu/books/growing-artificial-societies/
3. Axelrod, R. (1997). The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691015675/the-complexity-of-cooperation
4. Epstein, J. M. (2008). Why model? Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 11(4), 12. https://www.jasss.org/11/4/12.html
5. Park, J. S., O’Brien, J. C., Cai, C. J., Morris, M. R., Liang, P., & Bernstein, M. S. (2023). Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior. Proceedings of UIST ’23, Article 2, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3586183.3606763
6. Piatti, G., Jin, Z., Kleiman-Weiner, M., Schölkopf, B., Sachan, M., & Mihalcea, R. (2024). Cooperate or collapse: Emergence of sustainable cooperation in a society of LLM agents. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37 (NeurIPS 2024). https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2024/hash/ca9567d8ef6b2ea2da0d7eed57b933ee-Abstract-Conference.html
7. Ashery, A. F., Aiello, L. M., & Baronchelli, A. (2025). Emergent social conventions and collective bias in LLM populations. Science Advances, 11(20), eadu9368. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu9368
8. Horton, J. J., Filippas, A., & Manning, B. S. (2023; revised 2026). Large language models as simulated economic agents: What can we learn from Homo silicus? NBER Working Paper No. 31122. https://doi.org/10.3386/w31122
9. Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884852
10. Law, A. M. (2015). Simulation Modeling and Analysis (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill. https://www.mheducation.com/highered/product/simulation-modeling-and-analysis-law
11. Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap methods: Another look at the jackknife. The Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176344552
12. Dixon, W. J., & Mood, A. M. (1946). The statistical sign test. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 41(236), 557–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1946.10501898
13. Holm, S. (1979). A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 6(2), 65–70. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4615733
14. Matheson, J. E., & Winkler, R. L. (1976). Scoring rules for continuous probability distributions. Management Science, 22(10), 1087–1096. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.22.10.1087
15. Gneiting, T., & Raftery, A. E. (2007). Strictly proper scoring rules, prediction, and estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 102(477), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1198/016214506000001437
16. Windrum, P., Fagiolo, G., & Moneta, A. (2007). Empirical validation of agent-based models: Alternatives and prospects. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 10(2), 8. https://www.jasss.org/10/2/8.html
17. Grimm, V., Railsback, S. F., Vincenot, C. E., et al. (2020). The ODD protocol for describing agent-based and other simulation models: A second update to improve clarity, replication, and structural realism. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 23(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4259
18. Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X
19. Axelrod, R. (1984). The Evolution of Cooperation. Basic Books. https://search.worldcat.org/title/The-evolution-of-cooperation/oclc/10274775
20. Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I & II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1), 1–16 and 17–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4 ; https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6
21. Nowak, M. A., & Sigmund, K. (1998). Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring. Nature, 393, 573–577. https://doi.org/10.1038/31225
22. Böhm-Bawerk, E. von (1889). Positive Theorie des Kapitales [The Positive Theory of Capital, English translation by W. Smart, 1891]. Original German work (1889); 1891 edition: https://books.google.com/books?id=aGvFdurcBSwC
23. Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. G. (2018). Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction (2nd ed.). MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262039246/reinforcement-learning/
24. DeepSeek. (2026, October 17). DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash-1017 model update (API alias deepseek-flash). DeepSeek API change log. https://api-docs.deepseek.com/updates/
25. Särkkä, S. (2013). Bayesian Filtering and Smoothing. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139344203

§Corrections / caveats

• Horton: NBER Working Paper No. 31122 has three authors (Horton, Filippas and Manning), first issued in 2023 and revised in February 2026; the v2 single-author entry was incomplete.
• Hamilton: “The genetical evolution of social behaviour” consists of parts I (pp. 1–16) and II (pp. 17–52), two distinct DOI records; v2 combined them without distinguishing page ranges.
• Grimm et al.: “et al.” in the article is an abbreviated author list; publisher lists the complete author group.
• Böhm-Bawerk: The 1889 original title and 1891 English translation are distinguished, not treated as one edition.
• Särkkä: The source catalogue includes different formats with different release dates; the cited 2013 edition is attested by the publisher.
• DeepSeek model: On 2026-10-17 the provider announced that deepseek-flash served DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash-1017. P19 took place 2026-11-06, but no immutable snapshot ID is archived; the exact routed-version attribution remains inferred from the dated announcement.

All numbered citations in article text retain their original numbering (except a new [6] provider announcement in P19). These works support background or methods; numerical SHING CIVITAS results are grounded separately in the experimental data packages.